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Solidity code is compiled into byte code, a binary format that is stored on the blockchain. However, with compiled code human-readable interfaces disappear and smart contract interactions have to be translated into a binary description that can be interpreted by the EVM. This process is called ABI encoding. ABI encoding is usually automated by tools that form part of the compiler or other software, such as wallets capable of interacting with smart contracts.
A common way to provide such a description is in a standardized JSON file. In order to call a method of a contract, a byte string in a specific format needs to be constructed. The above image illustrates how function calls are ABI encoded. The first four bytes of the ABI encoded function call is a special field called the function selector.
These four bytes are calculated from the function signature. The function signature is defined as a string consisting of the function name, followed by the types of the parameters in a comma-separated list in parenthesizes without any white space.
The top four bytes of the resulting hash value are taken as the function selector. The function signature is as follows:. Calculating the keccak hash of this signature string produces:. Therefore, taking the top four bytes gives us the following function selector:.
Of course, getting from function selectors to the actual function is computationally hard due to the one-way nature of hashing algorithms. However, a database of commonly found function selectors and their corresponding signatures is maintained here. As shown in the above image, ABI encoding places the arguments of a function call after the function selector. This is derived as the first 4 bytes of the Keccak hash of the ASCII form of the signature baz uint32,bool 0xcdcd77c0 First parameter uint32 value 69 padded to 32 bytes 0x Second parameter boolean true, padded to 32 bytes 0x 2 balanceOf is a function used to obtain the balance.
The function signature is as follows: balanceOf address Calculating the keccak hash of this signature string produces: 0x70ab98ef4cac9cc3f6be4bfecdb06bb5d45ef2abe Taking the top four bytes gives us the following function selector or Method ID as also obtained above: 0x70a The ABI encoding is not part of the core protocol of Ethereum because the payload data in transactions are not required to have any structure, it is just a sequence of bytes.
Similarly, the Ethereum Virtual Machine also just processes the data as a sequence of bytes. For example, a transaction contains the sequence of bytes. How these bytes are interpreted into structured data is up to the program and is up to the programming language used. In order to make it possible for two programs written in different programming languages to call each other, the compilers of such languages should implement the serialization and deserialization of data in the same way, i.
Example: In the below example, a contract is created to store a number and returned the stored number. Below the example, there are two outputs: One is the ABI Output and the second one is the output of the execution of the code i. Skip to content. Change Language. Related Articles. Table of Contents. Improve Article. Save Article. Like Article. Last Updated : 18 Sep, Next Blockchain Smart Contracts. Recommended Articles. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert.
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eth. ABI (Application Binary Interface) - это, по сути, способ вызова функций в контракте и получения данных обратно. ABI определяет такие. In this post we want to share HashEx smart contract audit framework. This framework is suitable for any DApp, not only the ones built on Ethereum network. Валидация ABI JSon (Ethereum). у меня есть проблема со следующим Json: [ { constant: false, inputs: [Object], name: 'set', outputs: [], type: 'function' }.